The resulting strong, phase-independent energy gain per revolution gives good turn separation and hence beam extraction with low beam losses.
2.
At Brookhaven National Laboratory, Piccioni developed primary beam extraction techniques, which enhanced the research capabilities of particle accelerator work being done at University of California, Berkeley.
3.
1957 to 1960-Kalmus conducted research at UCL mainly on the development of new instruments, helping to build a small particle accelerator, a 29 MeV electron microtron, its beam extraction system, and its external focusing using quadrupole magnets ( probably the first use of these in the UK ), and later devising an accurate method of measuring relativistic electron beam energies using Cerenkov radiation, then a novel technique.
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